Also on this day: Beethoven’s Symphony No. 7 in A Major, Op. 92, is first performed in Vienna, with Beethoven himself conducting.
Pope Pius IX proclaims the Catholic dogma of the Immaculate Conception, which holds that Mary, the mother of Jesus, is free of original sin from the moment of her own conception.
President Abraham Lincoln issues his Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction for the South.The American Federation of Labor is founded in Columbus, Ohio.The United States enters World War II as Congress declares war on Imperial Japan, a day after the surprise attack on Pearl Harbor.
A United Airlines Boeing 737 crashes while attempting to land at Chicago-Midway Airport, killing 43 of the 61 people on board, as well as two people on.
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