Around 15,000 people in the UK are sufferers and it is particularly common in people of African or Caribbean descent.Healthy red blood cells - produced by stem cells within bone marrow - are biconcaved discs that can bend and flex easily.
However, in those with sickle cell disease, faulty stem cells produce red blood cells that are crescent shaped.They are rigid, unable to squeeze through smaller blood vessels and prone to causing blockages that deprive parts of the body of oxygen.
Sufferers are not expected to live beyond 60 and treatment mainly focuses on alleviating symptoms, such as pain and infections, through blood transfusion.
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