CIES Football Observatory show how much clubs have spent on attracting top talent, how much they have recouped from selling players - and the total profit or loss.
Premier League clubs dominate the list of the biggest transfer deficits from Europe's top five leagues - with 11 of the top 20 coming from England's top flights.And even newly promoted Leeds United have run up a bigger bill than La Liga giants Real Madrid.City top the list with a whopping transfer deficit of £554million.
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